Biography
Type designs, book covers, typography, illustration . Born 1 October 1879 in Weimar of German father (a painter) and English mother. Briefly trained as decorative painter in Munich, then self-taught illustrator, book designer, letterer, type designer. Beginning in 1898 illustrated for the satirical journal Simplicissimus, designed for the Vereinigte Werkstätten (Munich Association of Workshops), illustrated and/or designed books for numerous publishers including Insel, Rowohlt, S. Fischer, Cranach Press, and the journals Die Insel, Jugend and Ver Sacrum. 1903: his first illustrated book: ’s Salome. His illustrations much influenced by Aubrey Beardsley and, later, Persian miniature painting. 1917: seriously wounded during military service. 1920: formed in Berlin the Marcus Behmer-Drucke in association with the publisher Otto von Holten; his Marcus Behmer-Antiqua was cut by the Klingspor Typefoundry (first used by Behmer for Ecclesiastes, 1920). His Hebrew was first used for the Soncino Bible in 1933 (not completed because of the rise of the Nazis). ‘Under the mistaken impression that Behmer must be a Jew, the Nazi commissars forbade him not only to exhibit or publish but even to work in private as an artist. Later, he was imprisoned, then threatened with extermination as a representative of decadent or anti-social tastes and ideas. During the years of his martyrdom Behmer drew a series of allegories that…record the persecuted artist’s hopes and fears… ’. ( , 1957) Illustrated Von dem Fischer un syner Fru for the book-collector Karl Klingspor. 1951: won the City of Berlin Art Prize for Graphics. Died 12 September 1958 in Berlin-Charlottenburg.
Writings by
- ‘Bibliophile Shakespeare-Ausgaben’, Philobiblon, Oct. 1929, and 2p. inset betw. pp. 310/11
- Zehn Scherenschnitte, Berlin: Büxenstein, 1930 (with MB intro.)
- ‘Charles Ricketts’, Buchkunst, Leipzig: Akademie, 1935, pp. 35-52
- ‘Grundsätzliches zur Buchillustration’ (letter to Gotthard Laske), Imprimatur, 1963/64, 8-page inset between pp. 72/3
- ‘Fünf Briefe zum Effi-Briest-Einband’, Philobiblon, Oct. 1929, pp. 293-304
- Marcus Behmer in seinen Briefen als Buchgestalter, Illustrator und Schriftzeichner, Hamburg: Christians, 1974 and (eds.),
Writings about
- Marcus Behmer (exh. cat.), Berlin: Haucke, 2001.
- obituary, Die Weltkunst, 1 Oct. 1958, p. 8 ,
- Buch und Einband, Leipzig, 1923 ,
- ‘Die Behmer-Drucke’, Die Bücherstube, 1923, pp. 171-3 ,
- ‘“Die Odyssee” von Marcus Behmer und Ludwig v. Hofmann’, Monatshefte für Bücherfreunde und Graphiksammler, 1925, pp. 42-6 ,
- ‘Marcus Behmer’, Exlibris, May 1928, pp. 1-11 ,
- ‘Marcus Behmer’, Philobiblon, Oct. 1929, pp. 283-307 ,
- ‘Über das Exlibris’. Philobiblon, 1934, after p. 130 ,
- ‘Fünfundzwanzig Jahre Insel-Bücherei’, Deutscher Drucker, Aug. 1937, pp. 458-60 ,
- ‘Die Anfänge des Insel-Verlags’, Imprimatur, 1939/40, pp. 45-68 ,
- ‘Die deutsche Buchillustration’, Imprimatur, 1939/40, pp. 129-44 ,
- ‘Marcus Behmer’, The Studio, 1957, pp. 182-3 ,
- 1911-60: , ‘Neue deutsche Buchkunst’, Archiv für Buchgewerbe und Gebrauchsgraphik, Leipzig: Deutsche Buchgewerbeverein., April 1911, pp. 104-12
- ‘Ornate! Gedanken zur Buchkunst Marcus Behmers’, Philobiblon, June 1958, pp. 115-25 (reprinted in , Im weiten Feld der Buchkunst, Offenbach am Main: Wilhelm Kumm, 1982) ,
- 1961-80: , ‘Erinnerungen an Marcus Behmer’, Imprimatur, 1963/64, pp. 67-74
- Marcus Behmer als Illustrator (inc. list of MB’s illustrated books, and ‘Handeinbände von Frieda Thiersch zu Drucken der Bremer Presse’), Neu-Isenburg: Tiessen, 1970 (Monographien und Materialien zur Buchkunst series) (intro.),
- Victorian Illustrated Books, New York and Washington, D.C., 1971 ,
- Marcus Behmer in seinen Briefen als Buchgestalter, Illustrator und Schriftzeichner, Hamburg: Christians, 1974 and ,
- 75 Jahre Insel Verlag, Frankfurt a.M.: Insel, 1974
- Münchens goldene Jahre 1871-1914, Munich, 1979 ,
- ‘Marcus Behmer’, Philobiblon, Feb. 1980, pp. 17-42 ,
- 1981-present: , L’art graphique à Vienna autour de 1900, Paris, 1985
- 1985 ,
- 1986 ,
- ‘Besuch bei Marcus Behmer’, Imprimatur, 1987, pp. 179-81 (a visit of 1957 ,
- photo of MB on death-bed)
- 1991 ,
- ‘Patterned papers in the Insel-Bücherei’, The Penguin Collector, Henley-on-Thames: Penguin Collectors’ Society, June 1994, pp. 6-15 ,
- Marcus Behmer (exh. cat.), Berlin-Charlottenburg, 2000 ,
- Vom Ornament zur Linie, der frühe Insel-Verlag, Berlin: Triton, 2000 (2 vols.) ,
- Typography – when/who/how, Cologne: Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1998., 1998 , , ,
- ‘Schriftkünstler von heute’ (contemporary type-designers), Archiv für Buchgewerbe und Gebrauchsgraphik, Leipzig: Deutsche Buchgewerbeverein., Jan. 1939, pp. 59-70 ,
- Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon, Munich/Leipzig: K.G. Saur Verlag, 1990-., 1992
- Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie, Munich, London, New Providence: K.G. Saur 1995- (from 1997: Munich only)., 1995
- Deutsches Museum für Kunst in Handel und Gewerbe 1909-1919 (exh. cat.), Kaiser Wilhelm Museum Krefeld and Karl Ernst Osthaus-Museum der Stadt Hagen, publisher: Snoeck-Ducaju & Zoon, Ghent, 1997., 1997 (see ‘Buchgewerbe’ index) and ,
Exhibitions
- Berlin, 1947, 1954
- Staedelsches Institute, Frankfurt a.M., 1956
- Hamburg, 1958
- Klingspor Museum, Offenbach a.M., 1958
- Altenburg, 1965
- Landesmuseum, Bonn, 1968
- Klingspor Museum, Offenbach a.M., 1979
- Sammlung Dr Classen, Essen, 1996
- Berlin-Charlottenburg, Sept. 2000-Feb. 2001.
Collections
- Kunst-Bibliothek, Berlin
- Städel, Frankfurt a.M.
- Klingspor Museum, Offenbach a.M.