Biography
Paintings, typography, interior designs, set designs, writer. Born Karl Maria Walther Dexel 7 February 1890 in Munich. 1910-14: studied art history and archaeology at University of Munich. 1912-13: travelled and painted in Italy. 1914: studied in Paris; solo exhibition in Munich. Military service. Studied lettering under Botho Graef, Jena. 1916-28: exhibition manager for the Jenaer Kunstverein; freelance designer. From 1917: painted expressionist pictures. 1919: beginning of friendship with Kurt Schwitters. 1923: staged Constructivist exhibition, Jena. 1924-8: designed electric road- and outdoor advertising signs in Jena and Frankfurt a.M. 1927: moved to Frankfurt a.M.; publicity work. 1928-35: invited by Wilhelm Deffke, he taught graphics and art history at Magdeburg Kunstgewerbe- und Handwerkerschule. 1928: founding member of ring ‘neue werbegestalter’. 1933-9: technical advisor in graphics at Höheren Schulen in Westfalia and in the Rhein Province. 1935: In spite of his membership in the NSDAP (from 1933) he was dismissed from teaching post by NS as a ‘degenerate artist’, forbidden to paint and his pictures were removed from museums. 1935-6: designer for Vereinigten Lausitzer Glaswerke (VLG), Weisswasser/Niederschlesien. 1936-42: taught art and design at the Berlin-Schöneberg Staatliche Hochschule für Kunsterziehung. July 1937: two works in ‘Entartete Kunst’ (Degenerate art) exhibition, Munich. 1937-46: designer for Württ. Metallwarenfabrik (WMF), Geislingen. 1942-55: founded and managed the Formensammlung (collection) der Stadt Braunschweig. Died 8 June 1973 in Braunschweig. The City of Jena awards an annual Walter Dexel Prize.
Comprehensive references for writings by and about Dexel, and other details: Hommage à Dexel, Starnberg: Josef Keller Verlag, 1980; and others, Bild Zeichen Raum (exh. cat.), Berlin: Kupfergraben Verlagsges, 1990; AKL, 2000.
,Writings by
- Das Wohnhaus von heute, 1928
- Mars film script, 1920: see , 2001, in Lit. below
- (news from Jena), Der Ararat (Munich art journal), 1921, pp. 118-19
- ‘Was ist die neue Typographie?’, Frankfurter Zeitung, 1927
- ‘Why is Gropius leaving?’ ( first appeared in Frankfurter Zeitung, 17 March 1928), in , The Bauhaus, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1969, pp. 136-7
- Hausgerät, das nicht veraltet, Ravensburg, Otto Maier Verlag, 1938 (reprinted: Ravensburg: Otto Maier Verlag, 1951)
- Deutsches Handwerksgut, Berlin: Propyläen, 1942
- Holzgerät und Holzform, Neudamm: Neumann, 1943
- Glas, Werkstoff und Form, Ravensburg: Otto Maier, 1950
- ‘technik und form’ (a shortened article from Glas, 1950, above), in glas aus vier jahrtausenden (exh. cat.), Zurich: Helmhaus and Kunstgewerbemuseum, 1956
- ‘Blown glass of the past and present’, Die Kunst und Das schöne Heim, Jan. 1959, pp. 136-9
- Das Hausgerät mitteleuropas, Braunschweig, 1962
- note on WD’s Hausgerät, in Gebrauchsgraphik (International Advertising Art), Berlin: Phönix Illustrationsdruck und Verlag GmbH (later: ‘Gebrauchsgraphik’ Druck und Verlag GmbH), 1933-71. Published from Munich from 1950., Feb. 1939, p. 59
- Der Bauhausstil – ein Mythos, Starnberg, 1976.
Writings about
- 1991, esp. p. 223 ,
- ‘Die neue Umschlag unserer Zeitschrift’, Die Form, 1928, v. 13, pp. 368-72
- Gefesselter Blick, Stuttgart: Zaugg, 1930, pp. 41-3 (repr. Baden, Switzerland: Müller, 1996) ,
- ‘Walter Dexel’, Commercial Art, Aug. 1932, pp. 80-81
- review of WD’s Deutsches Handwerksgut, in Die Kunst im Deutschen Reich, May 1942, p. 140
- review of Hausgerät das nicht veraltet, Graphik, 1951 ,
- note on WD’s 70th birthday, Die Weltkunst, 1 March 1960, p. 13
- Walter Dexel und die neue Reklame, Frankfurt a.M.: Welm, 1970 ,
- Werkverzeichnis der Druckgrafik von Walter Dexel, Cologne: Vitt, 1971 , ed.,
- Walter Dexel – Neue Reklame, Düsseldorf, 1987 ,
- Bild Zeichen Raum (exh. cat.), Berlin: Kupfergraben Verlagsges, 1990 and others,
- Ring ‘neue werbegestalter’. Amsterdamer Ausstellung von 1931 (additional on title page: ‘“Typographie kann unter Umständen Kunst sein”’) (exh. cat.), Wiesbaden: Museum Wiesbaden, 1990 , and others,
- Walter Dexel Werkverzeichnis, Heidelberg: Braus, 1995 and ,
- ‘Walter Dexels Mars-Filmskript von 1920’ Philobiblon, Sept. 2001, pp. 196-236 plus 8p insert ,
- Swiss Graphic Design, London: King, 2006 ,
- Active literature / Jan Tschichold and New Typography, London: Hyphen, 2007. ,
- Typography – when/who/how, Cologne: Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1998., 1998 , , ,
- Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon, Munich/Leipzig: K.G. Saur Verlag, 1990-., 2000
Exhibitions
- ( selected ) Gewerbemuseum, Basel, 1927
- Städtische Museum, Braunschweig, 1962
- Cologne, 1967
- Galerie Dorothea Loehr, Frankfurt a.M., 1970
- ‘göppinger galerie’, Frankfurt a.M., 1970
- Galerie Lienhard, Basle, 1970
- Kunsthalle, Hamburg, 1971
- Galerie Gmurzynska-Bargera, Cologne, 1971
- Städtische Kunstmuseum, Bonn, 1973
- Kunsthalle, Bremen, then to Wuppertal, Wolfsburg and Karlsruhe, 1990
- Landesmuseum, Wiesbaden, 1990 (ring ‘neue Werbegestalter’
- then to Sprengel Museum, Hannover, Museum für Gestaltung, Zurich)
- Bauhaus-Archiv, Berlin, 1991
- Galerie Rolf Ohse, Bremen, 2000
- Museum für Konkrete Kunst, Ingolstadt, 2000
- Städtische Galerie, Bremerhaven, 2001.
Collections
- Peter C. Ruppert Collection, Museum in Kulturspeicher, Würzburg.